Abstract
Marital roles and career of women go a long way in defining how gender is perceived in today’s view on roles of the female folks. It is expected that a woman’s role and the part she plays in society before anything, is to her husband and children, she herself comes last. Such roles include, satisfying her husband sexually, childbearing, child rearing, performing domestic chores, in some cases providing for the family need if she is a widow, divorced or if the husband is jobless. The workforce has seen a large increase in female and professional workers, with many of these being considered working mothers. These societal changes and technological advances have in an incidental way created a serious potential for interference, conflict and competitive demands between workplace and personal needs at home. In view of this background, this study analyzes the effect of marital roles on career among female staff of Kaduna State University. To address the problem of study, three research questions were raised. The researcher adopted a survey research design. A total of one hundred and seven (107) respondents comprised the target of the study. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), frequency tables and percentages (%) were employed in the data analysis. It was discovered that most of the respondents in the study area stated that gender inequality and discrimination in place of work, stereotype, exclusion from the influential male network, lack of support from male family members and male colleague and under representation of women in the management of higher educational institutions in Nigeria, family responsibilities, child bearing (Pregnancy to child birth), raising children and breast feeding, care giving of aged, the sick, dependants, cooking, domestic household chores, and spouse role as a wife are effects of marital roles on career of female. The study found that maternity leave, support from spouse/partner when there is need to stay late at work, travel for conference, support from extended family members, support from junior and senior colleagues in carrying out official assignments, securing outside help such as house help/house keeper and hiring tutors for children, securing the help of health care professional for sick children or dependent, making use of childcare centres close to your workplace and sharing of household chores among/between the children are strategies employed by female staff to cope with the effects of marital roles on their career.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 4
1.3 Research Questions - - - - - - - 6
1.4 Objective of the Study - - - - - - - 6
1.5 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - 6
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study - - - - - 7
1.7 Definition of Key Terms - - - - - - - 7
Marital roles and career of women go a long way in defining how gender is perceived in today’s view on roles of the female folks. It is expected that a woman’s role and the part she plays in society before anything, is to her husband and children, she herself comes last. Such roles include, satisfying her husband sexually, childbearing, child rearing, performing domestic chores, in some cases providing for the family need if she is a widow, divorced or if the husband is jobless. The workforce has seen a large increase in female and professional workers, with many of these being considered working mothers. These societal changes and technological advances have in an incidental way created a serious potential for interference, conflict and competitive demands between workplace and personal needs at home. In view of this background, this study analyzes the effect of marital roles on career among female staff of Kaduna State University. To address the problem of study, three research questions were raised. The researcher adopted a survey research design. A total of one hundred and seven (107) respondents comprised the target of the study. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), frequency tables and percentages (%) were employed in the data analysis. It was discovered that most of the respondents in the study area stated that gender inequality and discrimination in place of work, stereotype, exclusion from the influential male network, lack of support from male family members and male colleague and under representation of women in the management of higher educational institutions in Nigeria, family responsibilities, child bearing (Pregnancy to child birth), raising children and breast feeding, care giving of aged, the sick, dependants, cooking, domestic household chores, and spouse role as a wife are effects of marital roles on career of female. The study found that maternity leave, support from spouse/partner when there is need to stay late at work, travel for conference, support from extended family members, support from junior and senior colleagues in carrying out official assignments, securing outside help such as house help/house keeper and hiring tutors for children, securing the help of health care professional for sick children or dependent, making use of childcare centres close to your workplace and sharing of household chores among/between the children are strategies employed by female staff to cope with the effects of marital roles on their career.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 4
1.3 Research Questions - - - - - - - 6
1.4 Objective of the Study - - - - - - - 6
1.5 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - 6
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study - - - - - 7
1.7 Definition of Key Terms - - - - - - - 7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- 9
2.2 The Challenges Associated with Role Played by Female Staff of University- 9
2.3 The Effects of Marital Roles on Career of Female Staff - - - 24
2.4 The Strategies Employed by Female Staff of University - - - 34
2.5 Theoretical Framework - - - - - - - 41
2.5.1 Gender Theory - - - - - - - - 42
2.5.2 Role Theory - - - - - - - - 42
2.5.3 Multitask Theory - - - - - - - 44
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- 9
2.2 The Challenges Associated with Role Played by Female Staff of University- 9
2.3 The Effects of Marital Roles on Career of Female Staff - - - 24
2.4 The Strategies Employed by Female Staff of University - - - 34
2.5 Theoretical Framework - - - - - - - 41
2.5.1 Gender Theory - - - - - - - - 42
2.5.2 Role Theory - - - - - - - - 42
2.5.3 Multitask Theory - - - - - - - 44
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Location of the Study - - - - - - - 46
3.2 Study Population Sampling Method - - - - - 47
3.3 Methods of Data Collection - - - - - - 49
3.4 Methods of Data Analysis - - - - - - 50
3.5Problems Encountered in the Field - - - - - 51
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Location of the Study - - - - - - - 46
3.2 Study Population Sampling Method - - - - - 47
3.3 Methods of Data Collection - - - - - - 49
3.4 Methods of Data Analysis - - - - - - 50
3.5Problems Encountered in the Field - - - - - 51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 52
4.2 Socio-Demographic Data of the Respondents - - - - 52
4.3 The Challenges Associated with Role Played by Female Staff of University 54
4.4 The Effects of Marital Roles on Career of Female Staff - - - 58
4.5 The Strategies Employed by Female Staff of University to Cope with the Effects of Marital Roles on their Career - - - - - - - 60
4.6 Discussion of Major Findings - - - - - - 66
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 52
4.2 Socio-Demographic Data of the Respondents - - - - 52
4.3 The Challenges Associated with Role Played by Female Staff of University 54
4.4 The Effects of Marital Roles on Career of Female Staff - - - 58
4.5 The Strategies Employed by Female Staff of University to Cope with the Effects of Marital Roles on their Career - - - - - - - 60
4.6 Discussion of Major Findings - - - - - - 66
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 81
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 84
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - 85
References - - - - - - - - - 87
Appendices - - - - - - - - - 97
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 81
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 84
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - 85
References - - - - - - - - - 87
Appendices - - - - - - - - - 97
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