ABSTRACT
This study entitled the socio-economic determinants of cigarette smoking among boarding secondary school students in Kaduna metropolis was aimed at studying the socio-economic determinants of cigarette smoking, the prevalence of cigarette smoking and the consequences of cigarette smoking among boarding secondary school students. In order collect the required information for the research, a sample of 150 respondents was selected using the multistage. Simple random sampling and were administered questionnaires. The data collected through the survey is supplement with information from key informant interviews. The results of the studies shows that prices of cigarettes and advertisements influences smoking of cigarettes among boarding, secondary school students, on the issue of prevalence, majority of the respondents were introduced into the smoking by friends, an overwhelming majority of the sample smoke between 1 and 3 cigarette sticks a day, more than half of the sample indicated that they are addicts and about two-third claimed that it is impossible to control their smoking habit. Among the consequences of cigarette smoking by secondary school students include health problems like cancer, dental problems and heart diseases. It was also discovered that it leads to loss of respect and rejection by family members and the society in general. The study recommends that the government, school authorities and students make awareness campaigns against cigarettes smoking. In addition, severe positive sanctions should be imposed on students who are caught smoking cigarettes.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 3
1.3 Research Questions - - - - - - - 4
1.4 Objective of the Study - - - - - - 5
1.5 Significance of the Study - - - - - - 5
1.6 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - 6
1.7 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - 6
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7
2.2 The Socio-Economic Determinants of Cigarette Smoking- - - 7
2.2.1Social Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - - - 7
2.2.2 Economic Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - - - 11
2.2.3 Health Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - - - 13
2.2.4 Environmental Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - 15
2.3 Prevalence Rate of Cigarette Smoking - - - - - - - - - 16
2.4 The Consequences Associated with Cigarette Smoking - - 20
2.5 Theoretical Framework - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -27
2.5.1 Social Learning Theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30
3.2 Location of the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30
3.3 Population of Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique - - - - - - - 31
3.5 Types and Sources of Data Collection - - - - - - - 33
3.6 Methods of Data Collection - - - - - - - - - - - 33
3.7 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34
3.8 Problems Encountered in the Field - - - - - - - - - 35
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36
4.2 Socio-Demographic Data of the Respondents - - - - 36
4.3 Socio-Economic Determinants of Cigarette Smoking - - 38
4.4 Prevalence Rate of Cigarette Smoking - - - - - - - - 41
4.5 Consequences Associated with Cigarette Smoking - - - 47
4.6 Discussion of Major Findings - - - - - - - - - - - 51
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59
References - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61
Appendices - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73
This study entitled the socio-economic determinants of cigarette smoking among boarding secondary school students in Kaduna metropolis was aimed at studying the socio-economic determinants of cigarette smoking, the prevalence of cigarette smoking and the consequences of cigarette smoking among boarding secondary school students. In order collect the required information for the research, a sample of 150 respondents was selected using the multistage. Simple random sampling and were administered questionnaires. The data collected through the survey is supplement with information from key informant interviews. The results of the studies shows that prices of cigarettes and advertisements influences smoking of cigarettes among boarding, secondary school students, on the issue of prevalence, majority of the respondents were introduced into the smoking by friends, an overwhelming majority of the sample smoke between 1 and 3 cigarette sticks a day, more than half of the sample indicated that they are addicts and about two-third claimed that it is impossible to control their smoking habit. Among the consequences of cigarette smoking by secondary school students include health problems like cancer, dental problems and heart diseases. It was also discovered that it leads to loss of respect and rejection by family members and the society in general. The study recommends that the government, school authorities and students make awareness campaigns against cigarettes smoking. In addition, severe positive sanctions should be imposed on students who are caught smoking cigarettes.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 3
1.3 Research Questions - - - - - - - 4
1.4 Objective of the Study - - - - - - 5
1.5 Significance of the Study - - - - - - 5
1.6 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - 6
1.7 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - 6
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7
2.2 The Socio-Economic Determinants of Cigarette Smoking- - - 7
2.2.1Social Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - - - 7
2.2.2 Economic Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - - - 11
2.2.3 Health Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - - - 13
2.2.4 Environmental Factors Influencing Cigarette Smoking - - 15
2.3 Prevalence Rate of Cigarette Smoking - - - - - - - - - 16
2.4 The Consequences Associated with Cigarette Smoking - - 20
2.5 Theoretical Framework - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -27
2.5.1 Social Learning Theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30
3.2 Location of the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - -30
3.3 Population of Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique - - - - - - - 31
3.5 Types and Sources of Data Collection - - - - - - - 33
3.6 Methods of Data Collection - - - - - - - - - - - 33
3.7 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34
3.8 Problems Encountered in the Field - - - - - - - - - 35
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36
4.2 Socio-Demographic Data of the Respondents - - - - 36
4.3 Socio-Economic Determinants of Cigarette Smoking - - 38
4.4 Prevalence Rate of Cigarette Smoking - - - - - - - - 41
4.5 Consequences Associated with Cigarette Smoking - - - 47
4.6 Discussion of Major Findings - - - - - - - - - - - 51
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59
References - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61
Appendices - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73