Design The Absorber (scrubber) In The Process Plant For The Production Of 100,000 Metric Tonnes/ Year Of Ethanol From Direct Hydration Of Ethylene

ABSTRACT

The general approach to any design of a process plant involve an advanced network of chemical engineering process.

Absorber is a process plant or equipment that are used in the purification of gas or separation of unwanted gas from the mixture when it comes in contact with the liquid. In this models mass transfer reaction and equilibrium process as they prevail in conventional tray absorbers and in cascade of trickle bed reactors are incorporated. Owring to the mass transfer characteristics of the latter type of absorber i.e the larger ratio between the gas phase and the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient for the higher the selectivities for absorption to take place. 

Also owing to the production of 100,000 metric tone of ethanol by direct hydration of ethylene requires information on the manufacturing process, equipment parameters, material of construction, cost, physical parameters or process materials, energy balance and equipment design and also specifications. In all these and at all stages of design from initial plant startup and production requires the knowledge of both the unit process and unit operations involved.

A survey of the literature reveals general information and specific data pertaining to the development of a design project such from publication dealing with the subject under investigation.

The material and energy balance are accounted for using the concept of mass, heat, pressure, energy etc. the material balance accounts for the mass balance around the various streams while the energy balance also accounts for energy flow around different equipment units.

Then after the equipment unit (absorber) has been design and specified, the costing of the process equipment was also carried out. 

Finally, the conclusion and recommendation were drawn.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page 

Letter of transmittal 

Approval page 

Dedication 

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.1.1   The scope of the study 

1.1.2   Aims and objectives of the study 

1.1.3    Statement of the problem 

1.1.4    Background of the study 

CHAPTER TWO

2.1.1  process description 

2.1.2    Etymology 

2.1.3  preparation 

2.1.4    preparation from ethane

2.1.5    from other source

2.1.6    History of ethanol 

2.1.7   properties 

2.1.8   Overview of the  section

2.2.0   Design equation

2.2.1 Calculation of tower height

CHAPTER THREE

3.1.0  Fundamental of Material Balance

3.1.1  Introduction

3.1.2  The equivalent of mass and energy balance

3.1.3 Conservation of mass

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1.0 Fundamentals of energy balances

4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 Conservation of energy

4.1.3 Forms of energy

4.1.4 Potential energy

4.1.5 Kinetic energy

4.1.6 Internal energy

4.1.7 Work

4.1.8 Heat

4.1.9 Electrical energy

4.2.0 The energy balance

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1.0  Equipment specification and design

5.1.1  Introduction

5.1.2  Design calculation and specification of an (Absorber)Scrubber

CHAPTER SIX

6.1.0  Introduction

6.1.1  Accuracy and purpose of capital cost estimate

6.1.2  Fixed and working capital investment

6.1.3  Operating cost

6.1.4  Fixed cost

6.1.5  Variable costs

6.1.6  Raw materials

6.1.7  Miscellaneous materials(plant supplies)

6.1.8 Utilities(services)

6.1.9  Maintenance

6.2.0  Operating labor

6.2.1  Supervision

6.2.2 Laboratory costs

6.2.3  Plant overheads

6.2.4 capital changes

6.2.5 shipping and packaging

6.2.6 royalties and license fees

6.2.7 Cost estimation of the Absorber 

CHAPTER SEVEN

 7.1.0   instrumentation and control of an absorber

CHAPTER EIGHT 

8.1.0 conclusion and recommendations 

8.1.1 conclusion

8.1.2 recommendation

Appendix A

Material balance calculation 

Appendix B

Energy balance calculation

 Appendix C

Equipment design for chlorobenzene column

Reference