Production Of Plastic Materials

Generally, plastic is defined as long-chain organic material which can be formed into desired shape by the application of heat and pressure, also it extends to include so many organic metallic complexes and also certain long-chain inorganic material based principally on silicon, phosphorus, nitrogen, aluminum or boron or mixtures of these. It is still however true to say that the bulk of current commercial plastic are modified organic chemical, and that the inorganic polymers and the organic-metallic are limited in production and used only for special purpose .plastic form a group of high polymers which have a fair range of deformability and mould ability particularly at high temperature. In plastic, the polymer formed doesn’t have the same molecular weight and since the polymer are not amenable to the ordinary method of separation. Injection molding process, of all other process such as, calendaring, casting, forming, expanding, coating decorating etc, was used because of its applicability in the production of several different types of products. It also reduces loses due to mouilding.The process involves the use of automated injection machine which consist of two major part: injection section and clamping section . The injection section consist of the section pump which enable the feed (pellets of mixed co-polymer raw material and the colours) to be introduce into the feed hopper. It also has the hopper part that allows the fed pellets to enter into the ram chamber where it is pushed into the heating cylinder where the pellets are melted in the presence of high heat generated by the electric heat. The movement of torpedo backward and forward aids the inlet of the pellets, as it goes forward.  On moving backward, the molten plastic enters the injection nozzle which pushes the molten plastic into the mould which is detachable, and also attachable depending on the type of product to be produced. The mould is aided with a cooling film that allows the molten molded plastic to be cooled, and formed the shape of the mould.

The shaped molton plastic could come in form of either a seat, table, bucket, cup etc. the products will have some durable characteristics such as colour retainability, because of the anti-ultravident rays added to oppose the action of the ultra violent rays from the sun that causes the colour fade in some plastic. Several other additives were added such as plasticizers, extenders, lubricants, stabilizers, fillers, pigments and other miscellaneous additives, so as to obtain the best qualities such as flexibility, smooth, electric insulation and strength. The cost of this production is quite enormous considering the cost of raw materials and the colours, the cost of all the additives, the cost of the injection machines and moulds and other costs such as: transportation, installation of the machine, electricity and other overhead costs. Research cost and labour costs are not overhead. Utility cost (water, power and fuel) are also included.

Due to the liquid qualities introduce, such as machine ability, low density, durability even in the presence of sun and chemicals, high creeping factor resistance even in the presence of heat, its inability to crack and graze in the presence of stress from environmental and its considerable strength, we affirm that the product is of high rating.

 

Title page

Letter of transmittal 

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract 

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE 

INTRODUCTION

1.1  What are plastics?

1.2  Types of plastics

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   Plastic fabrication: 

2.1.0 Molding

2.1.2 Rotational milding:

2.1.3 Thermoset Molding:

2.1.4 Thermoforming:

2.1.5 Laminating and low – pressure molding:

2.2.  Compression moulding:

2.2.4 Transfer moulding:   

2.2.5 Injection Moulding 

2.3.  Extrusion 

2.4.  Calendaring:

2.5.  Casting

2.5.4 Film Casting

2.5.5 Simple casting.

2.5.6 Hol-Melt Casting

2.5.7 Slush Casting

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY

3.1   Machine Section

3.1.1 Power Section

3.2   The Injection Section

3.3   The Clamping Section:-

3.4   Summary of the Entire Process

3.5   Notable Safety Information’s Before Using the Machine:-

CHAPTER FOUR

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

4.1   Mechanical Properties

4.2   Chemical Properties

4.3   Optical Properties

4.4   Electrical Properties

4.5   Thermal Properties

4.6   Other Properties Include

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   COST EVALUTION

5.1   Manufacturing Cost 

5.2   General Expenses

5.3   Total Production Cost

5.4   Unit Estimation:

CHAPTER SIX

Discussion

CHAPTER SEVEN

Conclusion/Recommendation