Phytochemical Analysis And The Anti-inflammatory Activities Of Methanol Extract Of Crateva Adansonii

Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogen, damage cells or irritants. The urgency generated by in increased rate of stroke, atheroselerosis attributed to prolong use of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 inhibitors have acceralated anti-inflammatory drug research over the last decade while synthetic pharmaceutical agents continued to dominate research, attention increasingly has been directed to natural products. These are often more affordable and available and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional anti-inflammatory drugs.

Anti-inflammation was carried out using 11 rats. That was divided into three groups of four rats each. Group 1 and 2 served as the positive and negative control respectively. Groups 3 and 4 received 200mg/kg b.w and 600mg/kg b.w. of the extracts respectively. However, it was discovered that the stem bark of crateva Adansonii showed greater significance anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard.

Title page - - - - - - - - i

Certificate page - - - - - - - ii

Dedication - - - - - - - - iii

Acknowledgment - - - - - - - iv

Abstract  - - - - - - - - - v

Table of contents - - - - - - - vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - 1

1.1 Types of inflammation - - - - - 2

1.2 Aims and objectives - - -- - - 3

1.3 Rational study - - - - - - - 3

1.4 Taxonomy - - - - - - - 4

1.5 Physical description of crateva adansonii - 5

1.6 Distribution - - - - - - - 6

1.7 Cultivation - - - - - - - 6

1.8 Uses of crateva adansonii - - - - 7

1.9 Sources - - - - - - - - 7

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review - - - - - - - 8

2.1 types of inflammation - - - - - 8

2.2 Events in acute inflammation - - - 22

2.3 Increased blood flow and from - - - 26

2.4 Chemotaxis - - - - - - - 26

2.5 Eosinophils - - - - - - - 27

2.6 Benefit of inflammation - - - - - 29

2.7 Anti-inflammation agents - - - - 30

2.8 Steroids - - - - - - - - 30

2.9 Non-steroidal anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDS) 31 

2.10 Immune Selective Anti-Inflammatory Derivatives (IMSAID)   - - - - - - 33

2.11 Anti inflammatory diet - - - - 34

2.12 Natural anti-inflammatory supplements - 36

2.13 Benefits of non-sterodial anti- inflammatory 38

2.14 Mediators of information - - - - -39

2.15 Cytokines - - - - - - - 41

2.16 Histamine - - - - - - - 42

2.17 Arachidonic acid - - - - - - 42

2.18 Nitric oxide - - - - - - - 45

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Materials  - - - - - - - - 47

3.2 Methodology - - - - - - - 49

3.4 Column chromatography - - - - 50

3.5 Phytochemical analysis of the extract - - 58

3.6 Thin layer chromatograophy (TLC) - - 62

3.7 Anti-inflammatory activity test - - - 63

3.8 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) - - - 65

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 The effect of methanol fraction of methanol extract of crateva adansonii ion acute inflammation of rat paw.

4.2 Phytochemical analysis of extract - - - -68

4.3 Phytochemical analysis of dichloromethane fraction 69

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Discussion - - - - - - - -70

5.2 Conclusion - - - - - -

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