Production Of Ethanol From Cassava Peels Using Zymomonas Mobilis And Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

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ABSTRACT
The yield of bioethanol from cassava peels hydrolysed with Aspergillus niger and crude enzymes (amylase, cellulase and pectinase) was examined in this study. Cassava peels were pretreated by soaking and a combination of soaking and boiling which removes 67% of cyanide. After hydrolysis, Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to ferment the hydrolysates separately at room temperature for five (5) days. The result showed that pretreatment by soaking and boiling for up to 120 minutes removed the highest amount of cyanide and increased carbohydrate but reduced the fibre content (37.04±0.01mg/g, 71.42±0.02%, and 10.38±0.42%). Hydrolysis using Aspergillus niger yielded up to 95.44±0.11mg/g reducing sugar while hydrolysis using enzymes yielded up to 72.38±0.06mg/g reducing sugar.  Highest ethanol yield when the hydrolysates were fermented with Zymomonas mobilis and Sacchromyces cerevisiae were 3% and 2% respectively. Proximate composition of the fermented waste showed 6.37±0.08, 2.71±0.03, 25.49±0.01, 8.97±0.02 and 34.41±0.16% ash, fat, protein, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively while nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the residue was 4.08±0.50, 0.40±0.28 and1.84±0.15% respectively. The work reveals that cassava peels is a suitable agricultural waste for bioethanol production and fermentation with Zymomonas mobilis yielded high ethanol compare to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The work also proved that the waste product of fermentation may be used as animal feedstock or fertilizer to enrich the soil for plant growth.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Declaration
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
QUEST FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
JUSTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN AFRICA
CASSAVA PEELS
CYANIDE IN CASSAVA
LIGNOCELLULOSICBIOMASS
SECOND GENERATION FEEDSTOCKS
STRUCTUREOFLIGNOCELLULOSICBIOMASS
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF STARCH
PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
MECHANICALPRETREATMENT
PHYSICALPRETREATMENT
PHYSICOCHEMICALPRETREATMENT
CHEMICALPRETREATMENT
BIOLOGICALPRETREATMENT
HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
BIOETHANOL
GLOBAL BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF ETHANOL INNIGERIA
MICROORGANISMS EXPLORED FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION
MICROORGANISMS OF INTEREST IN THIS RESEARCH WORK
Aspergillus niger
Zymomonas mobolis
THE METABOLIC PATHWAY OF Zymomonas mobilis
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MECHANISM OF YEAST FERMENTATION
INHIBITION OF ETHANOL PRODUCTIVITY IN YEAST CELLS
HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES
MEASUREMENT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY
AMYLASE
CELLULASE
PECTINASE
FERMENTED CASSAVA PEELS AS ANIMAL FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of sample (Cassava peels)
Microorganisms
Identification of microorganisms
Aspergillus niger
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Isolation of Zymomonas mobilis from fresh sweet Palm Wine
Pretreatment of Cassava peels
Determination of cyanide in pretreated cassava peels
Determination of crude fibre in pretreated cassava peels
Determination of Carbohydrate
PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES (Amylase, Cellulase, and Pectinase)
Assay for Cellulase activity
Assay for pectinase activity
Assay for amylase activity
Enzyme Hydrolysis
Microbial Hydrolysis
Determination of Reducing Sugar
Fermentation of the Hydrolysate
Distillation
Determination of Percentage Ethanol Yield
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROLYSATE
Total ash
Crude fat
Crude fibre
Crude Protein
Determination of Phosphorus in the Waste after fermentation
Determination of Nitrogen in the Waste after fermentation
Determination of potassium
Analysis of data
CHAPTER FOUR 
Result
Discussion of result
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
APPENDIX







     

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(2016, 08). Production Of Ethanol From Cassava Peels Using Zymomonas Mobilis And Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.. ProjectStoc.com. Retrieved 08, 2016, from https://projectstoc.com/read/7911/production-of-ethanol-from-cassava-peels-using-zymomonas-mobilis-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-8192
"Production Of Ethanol From Cassava Peels Using Zymomonas Mobilis And Saccharomyces Cerevisiae." ProjectStoc.com. 08 2016. 2016. 08 2016 <https://projectstoc.com/read/7911/production-of-ethanol-from-cassava-peels-using-zymomonas-mobilis-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-8192>.
"Production Of Ethanol From Cassava Peels Using Zymomonas Mobilis And Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.." ProjectStoc.com. ProjectStoc.com, 08 2016. Web. 08 2016. <https://projectstoc.com/read/7911/production-of-ethanol-from-cassava-peels-using-zymomonas-mobilis-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-8192>.
"Production Of Ethanol From Cassava Peels Using Zymomonas Mobilis And Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.." ProjectStoc.com. 08, 2016. Accessed 08, 2016. https://projectstoc.com/read/7911/production-of-ethanol-from-cassava-peels-using-zymomonas-mobilis-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-8192.