Influence Of Gallic Acid On A-amylase And A-glucose Inhibitory And Antioxidant Properties Of Acarbose

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ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disease that has continued to be a global heath and economic burden. Acarbose is an antidiabetic drug, which acts by inhibiting alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase; while gallic acid is a simple phenolic acid that is
widespread in plant foods and beverages such as tea and wine.This study therefore, sought to investigate the influence of gallic acid on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of acarbose (in vitro). Aqueous solution of acarbose and gallic acid were prepared to a final concentration of 25µM each. Thereafter, mixtures of the samples (50% acarbose + 50% gallic acid; 75% acarbose + 25% gallic acid; 25% acarbose + 75% gallic acid) were prepared.
The results showed that the combination of 50% acarbose and 50% gallic acid showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, while 75% acarbose + 25% gallic acid showed highest α amylase inhibitory effect. Furthermore, all the samples caused the inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation (in vitro) in rat pancreatic tissue homogenate, with the combination of 50% acarbose and 50% gallic acid causing the highest reduction in the malondialdehyde content. In addition, all the samples showed antioxidant properties (ferric reducing property, 2, 2'-azino-bis (-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS*) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging abilities, and Fe2+ chelating ability). Therefore, the combinations of gallic acid with acarbose could be employed in the management of T2DM with the comparative advantage of possible reduction of the side effects of acarbose; nevertheless the combination of 50% acarbose and 50% gallic acid seems the best combinatory therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGES
Title page 
Certification 
Dedication 
Acknowledgement 
Table of Content 
List of Figures 
List of Tables 
Abstract 

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 
Justification 
Objectives 

CHAPTER TWO
Literature review 
Diabetes Mellitus 5
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus 5
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus 
Type 1 diabetes 
Type two diabetes 
Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes 
Key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes mellitus 
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors 
Alpha amylase inhibitors 
Free radicals and oxidative stress 
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress 
Lipid peroxidation 
Antioxidants 
Endogenous antioxidants 
Dietary antioxidants 
Polyphenols 
Gallic acid 
Acarbose 

CHAPTER THREE
Materials Methods 
Materials 
Sample collection 
Aqueous preparation 
Chemicals and reagents 
Methods 
Alpha glucosidase inhibition assay 
Alpha amylase inhibition assay 
Fe2+ chelation assay 
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and thiobarbituric acid reactions 
Determination of ferric reducing antioxidant property 
-azino-bis(-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate scavenging ability , 1-diphenyl–2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) free radical scavenging ability 
Data Analysis 

CHAPTER FOUR
Results 

CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion 

CHAPTER SIX
Conclusion and recommendation 
Conclusion 
Recommendation 
REFERENCES 
APPENDIX 

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(2016, 08). Influence Of Gallic Acid On A-amylase And A-glucose Inhibitory And Antioxidant Properties Of Acarbose.. ProjectStoc.com. Retrieved 08, 2016, from https://projectstoc.com/read/7909/influence-of-gallic-acid-on-a-amylase-and-a-glucose-inhibitory-and-antioxidant-properties-of-acarbose-6651
"Influence Of Gallic Acid On A-amylase And A-glucose Inhibitory And Antioxidant Properties Of Acarbose." ProjectStoc.com. 08 2016. 2016. 08 2016 <https://projectstoc.com/read/7909/influence-of-gallic-acid-on-a-amylase-and-a-glucose-inhibitory-and-antioxidant-properties-of-acarbose-6651>.
"Influence Of Gallic Acid On A-amylase And A-glucose Inhibitory And Antioxidant Properties Of Acarbose.." ProjectStoc.com. ProjectStoc.com, 08 2016. Web. 08 2016. <https://projectstoc.com/read/7909/influence-of-gallic-acid-on-a-amylase-and-a-glucose-inhibitory-and-antioxidant-properties-of-acarbose-6651>.
"Influence Of Gallic Acid On A-amylase And A-glucose Inhibitory And Antioxidant Properties Of Acarbose.." ProjectStoc.com. 08, 2016. Accessed 08, 2016. https://projectstoc.com/read/7909/influence-of-gallic-acid-on-a-amylase-and-a-glucose-inhibitory-and-antioxidant-properties-of-acarbose-6651.