ABSTRACT
Obesity, defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat, has become a worldwide health
concern. Globally, about 170 million children (aged < 18 years) were
estimated to be overweight and, in some countries, the number of overweight
children has tripled since 1980. Excess weight in childhood raises the
risk of excess weight into adulthood and, with it, the risk of earlier onset of
obesity-related chronic diseases. Overweight and obesity, as well as their
related complications, are largely preventable. No national statistics on
childhood obesity in Nigeria has been given. However, few studies on the prevalence of childhood obesity in Nigeria
show values ranging from 0.4% - 6.9%, depending on the method of assessment and
locations of the studies. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence
and determinants of obesity among in-school adolescents in three selected local
government areas in Ibadan, Oyo State.
The study was cross-sectional, descriptive in design. It was
carried out between July and September 2013, in three local government areas in
Ibadan. A multi-stage sampling was used to select the study participants. An
interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on
socio-demographic data, anthropometry, dietary pattern and habits, and physical
activity level. Data were also collected from 22 obese and 22 non-obese children for
identifying the risk factors associated with obesity in the children. The data were analyzed
using inferential and descriptive statistics. The anthropometric measures of
weight and height were used to derive the BMI-for-age using the WHO Anthroplus.
The TDA software was used to analyze the information from the 24-hour dietary
recall.
A total of 1,205 children between the ages of 14 and 19 years were recruited for this study.Six hundred and fifty-four (54.3%) of the students were males and 551 (45.7%) were females. The mean age, weight and height of the students were 6.14m. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study were 7.7% and 1.0%.
The prevalence of obesity was higher in the girls and those from private schools. The mean energy intake was higher among the obese There was a lower intake of vegetables and fruits and a higher intake of fast foods and carbonated drinks among the obese than in the non-obese. Also, the obese spent more time engaged in sedentary activities.
The low prevalence of obesity shows that undernutrition is the prevailing problem among in-school adolescents. Appropriate intervention on public awareness, behavioural changes regarding food habits and physical activity are recommended.
Keywords: Overweight, obesity, non-
obese, in-school adolescents, body mass index, energy intake, physical
activity, undernutrition
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2. Statement of the Problem
1.3. Justification for the Study
1.4. Objectives of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Defining Overweight and Obesity
2.2 Prevalence of Obesity
2.2.1. Global Prevalence
2.2.2. Prevalence in Africa
2.2.3. Prevalence in Nigeria
2.3. Risk Factors for Obesity
2.3.1. Race, Ethnicity, and Societal Factors
2.3.2. Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviours
2.3.3. Developmental Factors
2.3.4. Dietary Factors
2.3.5. Genetic Factors
2.4. Complications of Obesity
2.4.1. Cardiovascular Consequences
2.4.2. Endocrine Complications
2.4.3. Pulmonary Complications
2.4.4. Psychological Impact
2.4.5. Musculoskeletal Complications
2.4.6. Gastrointestinal Complications
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1. Study Design
3.2. Study Area
3.3. Subjects
3.4. Sample Size
3.5. Sampling
3.6. Data Collection
3.7. Indicators
3.8. Data Analysis
3.9. Quality Assurance
3.10. Ethical Consideration
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
4.1. Socio-economic and Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
4.2. Prevalence of Obesity
4.3.3. Physical Activity
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Discussion
5.2. Conclusion & Recommendation
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE