The human papillomavirus, abbreviated HPV represents a group of viruses that include more than 100 different strains (serotypes). The most common oncogenic HPV genotypes are 16 and 18 causing approximately 70% of all cervical cancers which is the most common cancer affecting women in developing countries. Types 6 and 11 do not contribute to the incidence of high grade dysplasia’s (precancerous lesions) or cervical cancer but do cause laryngeal papillomas and most genital warts. HPV is highly transmissible with peak incidence soon after the onset of sexual activity. A vast majority of people do not know they contacted the virus until the symptoms begin to manifest in the form of abnormal tissue changes or warts. In addition to causing cervical cancer, the Human Papilloma Virus also leads to cancer of the vulva, vagina and anus in women or cancer of the anus and penis in men. Infection can be prevented by the use of vaccination as well as the use of condoms. Treatment methods for patients with HPV include skin cream, laser, surgery and cryosurgery. Human Papilloma virus causes a serious human infection and efforts to prevent it should be intensified.
CERTIFICATION 2
DEDICATION 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
ABSTRACT 6
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) 1
1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF HPV 2
1.3 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HPV 2
CHAPTER TWO 4
2.0 PATHOGENICITY AND LIFE CYCLE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4
2.1 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS LIFE CYCLE 5
2.2 LATENCY PERIOD 6
2.3 MODES OF TRANSMISSION 6
2.4 RISK FACTORS OF HPV 7
2.5 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS-RELATED PROBLEMS: 8
2.6 DIAGNOSIS: PAPANICOLAOU TEST OR PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR 10
CHAPTER THREE 12
3.0 TREATMENT 12
3.1 MANAGEMENT 12
3.2 PREVENTION 13
CHAPTER FOUR 15
4.0 CONCLUSION 15
4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS 15
REFERENCES 17