Brown-Séquard syndrome, also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia and Brown-Séquard's paralysis, is a loss of sensation and motor function (paralysis and anesthesia) that is caused by the lateral hemisection (cutting) of the spinal cord. This may be seen most often in the cervical (neck) or thoracic spine. Other synonyms are hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia ethemiparaplegiaspinalis, and spinal hemiparaplegia. Brown-Séquard syndrome is characterized by loss of motor function (i.e. hemiparaplegia), loss of vibration sense and fine touch, loss of proprioception (position sense), loss of two-point discrimination, and signs of weakness on the ipsilateral (same side) of the spinal injury.
INTRODUCTION
The motor system in the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, beginning in the motor cortex and extending down the brain stem and spinal cord to end at the lower border of L1.
The motor tract begins in the frontal lobe, descends via the corona radiata on the same side to become the internal capsule. It then descends into the brain stem as the pyramidal tract and mostly (85%) crosses at the lower end of the medulla to the opposite side. From there it descends into the spinal cord as the lateral corticospinal tract and finally synapses with the anterior horn cells at the front (anterior) of the spinal cord on the same side. Fig.1. The control of voluntary movements is complex. Many different systems across numerous brain areas need to work together to ensure proper motor control. The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement. It consists of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system