Abstract
Present investigations were carried out on the effect of ethanol extract of Desmodium velutinum stem on some liver enzymes of albino wistar rats fed with high fat from cow‟s brain. Twelve healthy albino wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I rats were fed with balanced diet (normal feed, that is grower‟s mash) and tap water. Group II rats were fed with fat diet (cow‟s brain) (3.6g/day) alone. Group III rats received combined mixture of 70% fat diet (cow‟s brain) with 30% ethanol extract of Desmoduim elutinum stem (2.7g/day), Group IV rats were fed with fat diet (cow‟s brain) and were administered with a drug atorvastatin (5mg/rat/day). The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental (two weeks) period. The plant extract was screened for its phytochemical constituents, using standard procedures. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. The liver function tests was assessed by measuring the total bilirubin, total serum protein, direct and indirect bilirubin and liver enzymes such as Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alkaline phosphate (ALP), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) on the liver of the albino wistar rat. The serum, ALT, ALP, AST and bilirubin concentration of the albino wistar rat increased significantly (P>0.05) compared to their total protein concentration. The result obtained indicate that the ethanol extract of Desmodium Velutinum stem possess hepatoprotective activity on the fatty liver of albino wistar rat fed with fat from cow‟s brain. The studied plant showed variable amount of phytochemicals including flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tannins, terpenoid which were determined quantitatively using literature methods. The significant effect of the Desmodium velutinum stem ethanol extract was compared with standard drug, atorvastatin. The result in the present study suggest that the ethanol extract of Desmodium velutinum stem can be used in treating liver diseases.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE - - - - - - - - I
APPROVAL PAGE - - - - - - - II
DEDICATION - - - - - - - - III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT - - - - - - IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS - - - - - - V
LIST OF TABLE - - - - - - - - VI
LIST OF FIGURE - - - - - - - - VII
ABSTRACT - - - - - - - - VIII
Present investigations were carried out on the effect of ethanol extract of Desmodium velutinum stem on some liver enzymes of albino wistar rats fed with high fat from cow‟s brain. Twelve healthy albino wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I rats were fed with balanced diet (normal feed, that is grower‟s mash) and tap water. Group II rats were fed with fat diet (cow‟s brain) (3.6g/day) alone. Group III rats received combined mixture of 70% fat diet (cow‟s brain) with 30% ethanol extract of Desmoduim elutinum stem (2.7g/day), Group IV rats were fed with fat diet (cow‟s brain) and were administered with a drug atorvastatin (5mg/rat/day). The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental (two weeks) period. The plant extract was screened for its phytochemical constituents, using standard procedures. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. The liver function tests was assessed by measuring the total bilirubin, total serum protein, direct and indirect bilirubin and liver enzymes such as Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alkaline phosphate (ALP), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) on the liver of the albino wistar rat. The serum, ALT, ALP, AST and bilirubin concentration of the albino wistar rat increased significantly (P>0.05) compared to their total protein concentration. The result obtained indicate that the ethanol extract of Desmodium Velutinum stem possess hepatoprotective activity on the fatty liver of albino wistar rat fed with fat from cow‟s brain. The studied plant showed variable amount of phytochemicals including flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tannins, terpenoid which were determined quantitatively using literature methods. The significant effect of the Desmodium velutinum stem ethanol extract was compared with standard drug, atorvastatin. The result in the present study suggest that the ethanol extract of Desmodium velutinum stem can be used in treating liver diseases.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE - - - - - - - - I
APPROVAL PAGE - - - - - - - II
DEDICATION - - - - - - - - III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT - - - - - - IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS - - - - - - V
LIST OF TABLE - - - - - - - - VI
LIST OF FIGURE - - - - - - - - VII
ABSTRACT - - - - - - - - VIII
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - 1
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW- - - - - - 4
2.1 TAXONOMY OF PLANT (DESMODIUM VELUTINUM) 4
2.2 LIVER- - - - - - - - - 10
2.3 WHAT THE LIVER DOES - - - - - 10
2.4 LIVER FUNCTION TEST/MARKER ENZYMES - 11
2.5 LIVER MARKERS ENZYMES (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH) 13
2.6 USES OF LIVER FUNCTION TEST - - - - 17
2.7 ATORVASTATIN - - - - - - 18
2.8 PHYTOCHEMICALS - - - - - - 20\
2.9 TYPES OF PHYTOCHEMICALS - - - - 21
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW- - - - - - 4
2.1 TAXONOMY OF PLANT (DESMODIUM VELUTINUM) 4
2.2 LIVER- - - - - - - - - 10
2.3 WHAT THE LIVER DOES - - - - - 10
2.4 LIVER FUNCTION TEST/MARKER ENZYMES - 11
2.5 LIVER MARKERS ENZYMES (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH) 13
2.6 USES OF LIVER FUNCTION TEST - - - - 17
2.7 ATORVASTATIN - - - - - - 18
2.8 PHYTOCHEMICALS - - - - - - 20\
2.9 TYPES OF PHYTOCHEMICALS - - - - 21
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS - - - - 24
3.1 IDENTIFICATION AND EXTRACTION OF DESMODIUM VELUTINUM PLANTS - - - - - - 26
3.2 PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS - - - - 27
3.3 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL - - - 31
3.4 COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES - - - 32
3.5 PROCEDURES FOR CARRYING OUT LIVER FUNCTION TESTS - - - - - -- - 33
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS - - - - 24
3.1 IDENTIFICATION AND EXTRACTION OF DESMODIUM VELUTINUM PLANTS - - - - - - 26
3.2 PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS - - - - 27
3.3 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL - - - 31
3.4 COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES - - - 32
3.5 PROCEDURES FOR CARRYING OUT LIVER FUNCTION TESTS - - - - - -- - 33
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES) - - - - 37
4.1 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMISTRY) - - - - -- - 37
4.2 LIVER FUNCTION TEST OF RATS FEED WITH VARIOUS SAMPLES - - - - - - - - 38
4.0 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES) - - - - 37
4.1 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMISTRY) - - - - -- - 37
4.2 LIVER FUNCTION TEST OF RATS FEED WITH VARIOUS SAMPLES - - - - - - - - 38
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION - - -- - - - 39
5.2 CONCLUSION - - - - - - - 44
REFERENCES - - - - - - 46
5.0 DISCUSSION - - -- - - - 39
5.2 CONCLUSION - - - - - - - 44
REFERENCES - - - - - - 46
Disclaimer: Note this academic material is intended as a guide for your academic research work. Do not copy word for word. Note: For Computer or Programming related works, some works might not contain source codes
CITE THIS WORK
(2016, 02). The Effect Of Ethanol Extract Of Desmodium Velutinum Stem On Some Marker Emzyme In Liver Of Albino Wistar Rats... ProjectStoc.com. Retrieved 02, 2016, from https://projectstoc.com/read/7366/the-effect-of-ethanol-extract-of-desmodium-velutinum-stem-on-some-marker-emzyme-in-liver-of-albino-wistar-rats-1526
"The Effect Of Ethanol Extract Of Desmodium Velutinum Stem On Some Marker Emzyme In Liver Of Albino Wistar Rats.." ProjectStoc.com. 02 2016. 2016. 02 2016 <https://projectstoc.com/read/7366/the-effect-of-ethanol-extract-of-desmodium-velutinum-stem-on-some-marker-emzyme-in-liver-of-albino-wistar-rats-1526>.
"The Effect Of Ethanol Extract Of Desmodium Velutinum Stem On Some Marker Emzyme In Liver Of Albino Wistar Rats..." ProjectStoc.com. ProjectStoc.com, 02 2016. Web. 02 2016. <https://projectstoc.com/read/7366/the-effect-of-ethanol-extract-of-desmodium-velutinum-stem-on-some-marker-emzyme-in-liver-of-albino-wistar-rats-1526>.
"The Effect Of Ethanol Extract Of Desmodium Velutinum Stem On Some Marker Emzyme In Liver Of Albino Wistar Rats..." ProjectStoc.com. 02, 2016. Accessed 02, 2016. https://projectstoc.com/read/7366/the-effect-of-ethanol-extract-of-desmodium-velutinum-stem-on-some-marker-emzyme-in-liver-of-albino-wistar-rats-1526.
- Related Works
- Cardio Protective Activities Of N-hexane Extract Of Desmodium Velutinum Stem On Albino Wister Rat.
- Bacteriological Assessment Of Drinking Water In Ankpa Local Government, Kogi State
- Proximate And Mineral Composition Of Theobroma Cacao Bean And Shell
- Cardio Protective Activities Of N-hexane Extract Of Desmodium Velutinum Stem On Albino Wister Rat
- The Oxidative Stress Status Of Rats Fed On Oil Bean Seed Meal.
- Preliminary Investigation On Effects Of Burantashi Extract On Lipoproteins Of Albino Male And Female Whistar Rats.
- The Effect Of Water Extract Of Cola Nitida Pod On Lipoprotein Concentrations Of Albino Wistar Rats.
- Antibacterial Activity Of Gongronema On Some Selected Pathogenic Becteria E.g Bacteria From Brewery Yeast
- Preliminary Investigation On Effects Of Burantashi Extract On Liver Enzymes Of Aibino Male And Female Whistar Rats.
- Coparative Analysis Of Microbial Load Of Rivers In Ohaji Egbema Local Government